LOT 3
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A LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE PRIMORDIAL BUDDHA VAIROCANA, CENTRAL TIBET, 13TH-14TH CENTURY
作品估价：EUR 6,000
货币换算
成交状态：未知
买家佣金拍卖企业在落槌价的基础上收取买家佣金
28%
图录号：
3
拍品名称：
A LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE PRIMORDIAL BUDDHA VAIROCANA, CENTRAL TIBET, 13TH-14TH CENTURY
拍品描述：
A LARGE BRONZE FIGURE OF THE PRIMORDIAL BUDDHA VAIROCANA, CENTRAL TIBET, 13TH-14TH CENTURY
Scientific Analysis Report:
A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 7 March 2024 sets the firing date of one sample taken between 500 and 800 years ago,
consistent
with the dating above. A copy of the report accompanies this lot.
Finely cast seated in dhyanasana atop a double lotus base with beaded upper rim, the hands held at the chest in dharmachakra mudra. Dressed in a close-fitting dhoti with incised hems, framed by a billowing sash, and richly adorned with beaded foliate jewelry. His serene face with heavy-lidded sinuous eyes and neatly incised, elegantly arched brows centered by a raised urna, an aquiline nose, and full lips forming a gentle smile, flanked by ears suspending large circular earrings. The hair fashioned into a tall chignon topped by a foliate finial behind the five-paneled tiara.
Provenance
: German trade. Acquired from a private collection.
Condition
: Good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities. Light warping, minute dings, tiny losses. Minor nicks and light scratches. The base resealed. Remnants of varnish and ritual pigment. The finial atop the chignon with an old repair. Old fills and several casting patches to the base, most probably inherent to the manufacture. One hole from sample-taking to the back of the head. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina.
Weight: 2,534 g
Dimensions: Height 32 cm
Vairocana
is a cosmic buddha from Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. Vairocana is often interpreted, in texts like the Avatamsaka Sutra, as the dharmakaya, the unmanifested and inconceivable aspect, of the historical Gautama Buddha. In the conception of the Five Great Buddhas, Vairocana is at the center. He is the Primordial Buddha in the Chinese schools of Tiantai, Huayan, and Tangmi, which developed during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Vairocana is also seen as the embodiment of sunyata, the Buddhist concept of ‘emptiness’ or ‘nothingness’.
Expert’s note:
The present lot belongs to a group long considered to originate from western Tibet. However, more recent scholarship suggests this type of early Tibetan sculpture is more likely to be from the central regions, where the primary stylistic influence up to around the 13
th
century was the art of Kashmir and eastern India during the late Pala period. Tibetan bronzes with Pala influence are mostly un-gilded, like the majority of their Indian antecedents. Tibetan sculpture after the 14th century, however, is increasingly modeled and gilded in the Nepalese manner.
Literature comparison:
The present lot probably had metal inlays to the eyebrows, see a closely related Tibetan brass figure of a seated bodhisattva with silver and copper inlays, dated to the 14
th
century, 36.5 cm high, in the National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, accession number S2000.10. Compare a closely related Tibetan bronze figure of Buddha dated to the 14
th
century, 44.4 cm, in the Museu Etnològic i de Cultures del Món, Barcelona, registration number MEB CF 4429.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 22 March 2011, lot 357
Price: USD 194,500 or approx.
EUR 249,000
converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A bronze figure of Buddha Vairocana, Tibet, 14
th
century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, subject, and size (30.5 cm).
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Zacke, Vienna, 9 March 2023, lot 169
Price: EUR 41,600 or approx.
EUR 44,000
adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A large bronze figure of Ratnasambhava, Central Tibet, 13
th
-14
th
century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, and size (31 cm).
Scientific Analysis Report:
A thermoluminescence analysis report issued by Oxford Authentication on 7 March 2024 sets the firing date of one sample taken between 500 and 800 years ago,
consistent
with the dating above. A copy of the report accompanies this lot.
Finely cast seated in dhyanasana atop a double lotus base with beaded upper rim, the hands held at the chest in dharmachakra mudra. Dressed in a close-fitting dhoti with incised hems, framed by a billowing sash, and richly adorned with beaded foliate jewelry. His serene face with heavy-lidded sinuous eyes and neatly incised, elegantly arched brows centered by a raised urna, an aquiline nose, and full lips forming a gentle smile, flanked by ears suspending large circular earrings. The hair fashioned into a tall chignon topped by a foliate finial behind the five-paneled tiara.
Provenance
: German trade. Acquired from a private collection.
Condition
: Good condition with expected wear and casting irregularities. Light warping, minute dings, tiny losses. Minor nicks and light scratches. The base resealed. Remnants of varnish and ritual pigment. The finial atop the chignon with an old repair. Old fills and several casting patches to the base, most probably inherent to the manufacture. One hole from sample-taking to the back of the head. The bronze with a rich, naturally grown, dark patina.
Weight: 2,534 g
Dimensions: Height 32 cm
Vairocana
is a cosmic buddha from Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism. Vairocana is often interpreted, in texts like the Avatamsaka Sutra, as the dharmakaya, the unmanifested and inconceivable aspect, of the historical Gautama Buddha. In the conception of the Five Great Buddhas, Vairocana is at the center. He is the Primordial Buddha in the Chinese schools of Tiantai, Huayan, and Tangmi, which developed during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Vairocana is also seen as the embodiment of sunyata, the Buddhist concept of ‘emptiness’ or ‘nothingness’.
Expert’s note:
The present lot belongs to a group long considered to originate from western Tibet. However, more recent scholarship suggests this type of early Tibetan sculpture is more likely to be from the central regions, where the primary stylistic influence up to around the 13
th
century was the art of Kashmir and eastern India during the late Pala period. Tibetan bronzes with Pala influence are mostly un-gilded, like the majority of their Indian antecedents. Tibetan sculpture after the 14th century, however, is increasingly modeled and gilded in the Nepalese manner.
Literature comparison:
The present lot probably had metal inlays to the eyebrows, see a closely related Tibetan brass figure of a seated bodhisattva with silver and copper inlays, dated to the 14
th
century, 36.5 cm high, in the National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, accession number S2000.10. Compare a closely related Tibetan bronze figure of Buddha dated to the 14
th
century, 44.4 cm, in the Museu Etnològic i de Cultures del Món, Barcelona, registration number MEB CF 4429.
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Christie’s New York, 22 March 2011, lot 357
Price: USD 194,500 or approx.
EUR 249,000
converted and adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A bronze figure of Buddha Vairocana, Tibet, 14
th
century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, subject, and size (30.5 cm).
Auction result comparison:
Type: Closely related
Auction: Zacke, Vienna, 9 March 2023, lot 169
Price: EUR 41,600 or approx.
EUR 44,000
adjusted for inflation at the time of writing
Description: A large bronze figure of Ratnasambhava, Central Tibet, 13
th
-14
th
century
Expert remark: Compare the closely related modeling, manner of casting, and size (31 cm).