LOT 1004
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Bartolomeo Cavaceppi Set of Eight Busts of Roman Emperors: Caligula, Otho, Vitellius, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Caracalla, Trebonianus Gallus, Valerian
作品估价：USD 80,000 - 120,000
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成交状态：未知
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26%
图录号：
1004
拍品名称：
Bartolomeo Cavaceppi Set of Eight Busts of Roman Emperors: Caligula, Otho, Vitellius, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Caracalla, Trebonianus Gallus, Valerian
拍品描述：
Bartolomeo Cavaceppi
Romecirca1716 – 1799
Set of Eight Busts of Roman Emperors: Caligula,Otho, Vitellius, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Caracalla,Trebonianus Gallus, Valerian
Caligula scored with four vertical lines on the reverse, Valerianwith VALERIANO inscribed on the reverse
painted terracotta with integrally cast plaster socles, three (Emperors Antoninus Pius, Trebonianus Gallus and Otho) with original terracotta-tinted plaster socles
heights: 15 ¼ in. to 16 in.; 38.7 cm to 40.5 cm
The Torlonia Collection, Rome, through the 19th century;
Private Collection, Rome;
Acquired by Alessandra di Castro, Rome from the above;
From whom acquired by Aso O. Tavitian.
C. Gasparri, O. E. Ghiandoni, Lo Studio Cavaceppi e le collezioni Torlonia, monographic edition of the "Rivista dell’Istituto di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte", XVI, 1994.
The present eight busts belong to a set of ten portraits of Roman emperors, eight in terracotta and two in plaster, originally from the famous Torlonia collection in Rome.1
Numerous ancient sculptures and many works derived from antique models were found in Cavaceppi’s workshop when he died in 1799. The Accademia di San Luca in Rome was named the sole heir for these works, which were then acquired by the Torlonia collections in 1800 for 10,000 scudi.2 The workshop material, now split between several private collections and the Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia in Rome, included many plaster copies of ancient works of art and sculpture and above all, the majority of Cavaceppi’s own terracotta models.3
‘Twelve small busts of the Caesars’ are recorded in the Libro delle sculture della Collezione Cavaceppi che sono in società delli Signori Marchese Torlonia, Vincenzo Pacetti e Giuseppe Valadier, written by Pacetti in 1800 before Torlonia had finalized the purchase, with the present eight busts belonging to this set of which ten are still extant.
Other terracotta busts of Roman emperors by Cavaceppi, based on classical models but larger than the group under discussion, are to be found in the Palazzo di Venezia, Rome. They too come from the Torlonia collections, having been acquired by the singer Evan Gorga in the early 20th century and subsequently donated to the Italian state in 1949.
Cavaceppi is thought to have used these small terracotta busts, like all the plaster or terracotta models based on antique originals found in his workshop, not simply as tools for the study of classical sculpture but as a sample collection for later productions in marble and bronze. These marble and bronze works would have been commissioned by the wealthiest of patrons on their Grand Tour and the Roman aristocracy. They were also used by the leading Roman foundries, such as the Zoffoli family, with whom Cavaceppi is known to have worked.
The busts of Emperor Antoninus Pius (reigned from 138 to 161 AD), Emperor Trebonianus Gallus (reignedfrom 251 to 253 AD) and Emperor Otho (reigned from January to April 69 AD) significantly retain their original plaster plinths, and may be compared to two other Cavaceppi busts of emperors now in another private collection, which are of the same height and the same material.
Throughout the course of his career, Cavaceppi also benefited from the protection of one of the most learned and sophisticated collectors of antiquities in the 18th century, Cardinal Alessandro Albani, who also supported Johan Joachim Winckelmann, Giambattista Piranesi and Anton Raphael Mengs, all closely associated with Cavaceppi.
It is possible that this large collection of terracotta models based on Classical sculptures was intended to support Cavaceppi’s wider ambition of establishing a private academy alongside his sculpture workshop, although this vision never came to fruition.
1The entire set, including the bust under discussion here, has been published in C. Gasparri, O. E. Ghiandoni, pp. 42 – 45, fig. 33.
2C. Gasparri, pp. 57–64.
3Cavaceppi's work purchased by Torlonia (now in the Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia) entered the museum in the 20th century by two different routes: a donation in 1952 by the heirs of the art merchant Pollak and the purchase in 1949 of singer Evan Gorga's huge collection of terracottas. Both collectors, Pollak and Gorga, had acquired Cavaceppi's work when most of the vast Torlonia collections were dispersed at the beginning of the 20th century.
RELATED LITERATURE
C. Gasparri, La fine dello studio Cavaceppi e le collezioni Torlonia, in Bartolomeo Cavaceppi scultore romano (1717 – 1799), exhibition catalogue, Rome 1994.
Romecirca1716 – 1799
Set of Eight Busts of Roman Emperors: Caligula,Otho, Vitellius, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Caracalla,Trebonianus Gallus, Valerian
Caligula scored with four vertical lines on the reverse, Valerianwith VALERIANO inscribed on the reverse
painted terracotta with integrally cast plaster socles, three (Emperors Antoninus Pius, Trebonianus Gallus and Otho) with original terracotta-tinted plaster socles
heights: 15 ¼ in. to 16 in.; 38.7 cm to 40.5 cm
The Torlonia Collection, Rome, through the 19th century;
Private Collection, Rome;
Acquired by Alessandra di Castro, Rome from the above;
From whom acquired by Aso O. Tavitian.
C. Gasparri, O. E. Ghiandoni, Lo Studio Cavaceppi e le collezioni Torlonia, monographic edition of the "Rivista dell’Istituto di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte", XVI, 1994.
The present eight busts belong to a set of ten portraits of Roman emperors, eight in terracotta and two in plaster, originally from the famous Torlonia collection in Rome.1
Numerous ancient sculptures and many works derived from antique models were found in Cavaceppi’s workshop when he died in 1799. The Accademia di San Luca in Rome was named the sole heir for these works, which were then acquired by the Torlonia collections in 1800 for 10,000 scudi.2 The workshop material, now split between several private collections and the Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia in Rome, included many plaster copies of ancient works of art and sculpture and above all, the majority of Cavaceppi’s own terracotta models.3
‘Twelve small busts of the Caesars’ are recorded in the Libro delle sculture della Collezione Cavaceppi che sono in società delli Signori Marchese Torlonia, Vincenzo Pacetti e Giuseppe Valadier, written by Pacetti in 1800 before Torlonia had finalized the purchase, with the present eight busts belonging to this set of which ten are still extant.
Other terracotta busts of Roman emperors by Cavaceppi, based on classical models but larger than the group under discussion, are to be found in the Palazzo di Venezia, Rome. They too come from the Torlonia collections, having been acquired by the singer Evan Gorga in the early 20th century and subsequently donated to the Italian state in 1949.
Cavaceppi is thought to have used these small terracotta busts, like all the plaster or terracotta models based on antique originals found in his workshop, not simply as tools for the study of classical sculpture but as a sample collection for later productions in marble and bronze. These marble and bronze works would have been commissioned by the wealthiest of patrons on their Grand Tour and the Roman aristocracy. They were also used by the leading Roman foundries, such as the Zoffoli family, with whom Cavaceppi is known to have worked.
The busts of Emperor Antoninus Pius (reigned from 138 to 161 AD), Emperor Trebonianus Gallus (reignedfrom 251 to 253 AD) and Emperor Otho (reigned from January to April 69 AD) significantly retain their original plaster plinths, and may be compared to two other Cavaceppi busts of emperors now in another private collection, which are of the same height and the same material.
Throughout the course of his career, Cavaceppi also benefited from the protection of one of the most learned and sophisticated collectors of antiquities in the 18th century, Cardinal Alessandro Albani, who also supported Johan Joachim Winckelmann, Giambattista Piranesi and Anton Raphael Mengs, all closely associated with Cavaceppi.
It is possible that this large collection of terracotta models based on Classical sculptures was intended to support Cavaceppi’s wider ambition of establishing a private academy alongside his sculpture workshop, although this vision never came to fruition.
1The entire set, including the bust under discussion here, has been published in C. Gasparri, O. E. Ghiandoni, pp. 42 – 45, fig. 33.
2C. Gasparri, pp. 57–64.
3Cavaceppi's work purchased by Torlonia (now in the Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia) entered the museum in the 20th century by two different routes: a donation in 1952 by the heirs of the art merchant Pollak and the purchase in 1949 of singer Evan Gorga's huge collection of terracottas. Both collectors, Pollak and Gorga, had acquired Cavaceppi's work when most of the vast Torlonia collections were dispersed at the beginning of the 20th century.
RELATED LITERATURE
C. Gasparri, La fine dello studio Cavaceppi e le collezioni Torlonia, in Bartolomeo Cavaceppi scultore romano (1717 – 1799), exhibition catalogue, Rome 1994.